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Chapter 21
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Encircle the most appropriate answer among the following options
1. Atomic theory was announced in 1808 by choose which one is correct:
(a) Einstein
(b) Dalton
(c) Newton
(d) J.J. Thomson
2. By passing an electric discharge through a gas at low pressure, the electron was discovered choose which one is correct:
(a) Millikan
(b) Chadwick
(c) Bohr
(d) J.J. Thomson
3. Charge on an electron was determined by choose which one is correct:
(a) Ampere
(b) Millikan
(c) Maxwell
(d) Bohr
4. The early Greeks believed that matter waves was choose which one is correct:
(a) Discrete
(b) Continuous
(c) Both continuous and discrete
(d) All of above
5. The electron was discovered by J.J Thomson by passing an electric discharge through choose which one is correct:
(a) A liquid
(b) A solid
(c) A gas at low pressure
(d) A gas at high pressure
6. The charge on electron was experimentally determined by Millikan in choose which one is correct:
(a) 1895
(b) 1916
(c) 1905
(d) 1909
7. Structure of Nucleus successfully explained by choose which one is correct:
(a) Bohr
(b) Millikan
(c) J.J. Thomson
(d) Rutherford
8. Rutherford determined the size of nucleus to be equal to choose which one is correct:
(a) 10-10 m
(b) 10-13 m
(c) 10-16 m
(d) 10-14 m
9. Proton was discovered by Rutherford in choose which one is correct:
(a) 1917
(b) 1920
(c) 1910
(d) 1915
10. Chadwick discovered neutron by the study of scattering of particulars from
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Gold foil
(d) Beryllium
11. Neutrons and protons in the Nucleus are together called choose which one is correct:
(a) Nucleons
(b) Atomic particles
(c) Photons
(d) Phenons
12. In the unit of unified mass scale, The mass of an electron is choose which one is correct:
(a) 0.000554
(b) 0.0000554
(c) 1,007276
(d) 1.0086654
13. Unified mass scale means that atomic mass is expressed in choose which one is correct:
(a) Kilogram
(b) Gram
(c) U only
(d) Atomic mass unit
14. The particle which is 7000 times heavier than the electron is called choose which one is correct:
(a) -particle
(b) R.ray
(c) -Particle
(d) Proton
15. The Isotopes of hydrogen are choose which one is correct:
(a) Protium
(b) Deutrium
(c) Tritium
(d) All
16. The ratio of the mass of nucleus and the total mass of all the constituents making the nucleus is always choose which one is correct:
(a) Grater than one
(b) Equal to one
(c) Less than one
(d) None of these
17. The energy required to breaks up helium nuclear into two protons and two neutron is choose which one is correct:
(a) 28.2 ev
(b) 28.2 Kev
(c) 28.2
(d) 28.2
18. A large amount of energy can be obtained when choose which one is correct:
(a) Fission takes palace
(b) A heavy element breakup in to lighter element
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
19. A panicle having the mass of an electron and the charge of a proton will be known as a choose which one is correct:
(a) Photon
(b) Nucleons
(c) Positron
(d) Antiproton
20. Charge on Neutron is choose which one is correct:
(a) Zero
(b) +1.6 x 1019c
(c) -1.6 x 1019 c
(d) None of above
21. The capture of a neutron by a nucleus results in the formation of choose which one is correct:
(a) Deutron
(b) Proton
(c) Helium
(d) Radio Isotope
22. Mass of electron is choose which one is correct:
(a) 1.67 x 10-27
(b) 9.1 x 1031 kg
(c) 1.67 x 10-17 kg
(d) 2.1 x 10-27 kg
23. Charge on an electron is choose which one is correct:
(a) +1.6 x 10-19 c
(b) -1.6x 10-19 c
(c) 2.1 x 10-19 c
(d) None of above
24. I amu is equal to choose which one is correct:
(a) 1.0606 x 10 27 kg
(b) 1.66 x 10 31 kg
(c) 1.66 x 10-34 kg
(d) 1.66 x 10 19 kg
25. Atoms of an element whose atomic number are the same but have different mass numbers are called choose which one is correct:
(a) Isomers
(b) Isotones
(c) Isotopes
(d) None of these
26. The mass number of a nucleus is the number of choose which one is correct:
(a) Positive particle nucleus
(b) Neutrons in the nucleus
(c) Nucleons in the nucleus
(d) Protons in the nucleus
27. An apparatus used to determine the masses of protons, nuclei, ions and to detect the isotopes is choose which one is correct:
(a) Mass spectrograph
(b) Dosimeter
(c) Geiger counter
(d) None of these
28. For an atom having atomic mass A and atomic number Z, the number of neutrons in the nucleus is choose which one is correct:
(a) A+Z
(b) A-Z
(c) Z
(d) None of these
29. The chemical behaviour of an atom is determined by choose which one is correct:
(a) Number of isotopes
(b) Atomic number
(c) Mass number
(d) None of these
30. The amount of energy required to break the nucleus is called its choose which one is correct:
(a) Binding energy
(b) Potential and kinetic energy
(c) Atomic energy
(d) Nuclear energy
31. The average amount of energy to remove one nucleon from the nucleus is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Nuclear energy
(b) Binding energy
(c) Binding energy per nucleon
(d) None of above
32. Mass defect per nucleon is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Average energy of nucleon
(b) Binding energy of nucleus
(c) Packing fraction
(d) None of these
33. The binding energy of deutron is choose which one is correct:
(a) 22.22 Mev
(b) 2.224 Mev
(c) 0.224 Mev
(d) 20.2 Mev
34. Radio activity was discovered by choose which one is correct:
(a) Rutherford
(b) Einstein
(c) H-Becqueral
(d) Bohr
35. A naturally occurring disintegration involving the emission of high energy electron will be known as choose which one is correct:
(a) -decay
(b) ß-decay
(c) -decay
(d) None of these
36. When a nucleus emits an a-particle, its mass number drops by choose which one is correct:
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 4
37. The interacti
on of different radiation with matter depends upon choose which one is correct:
(a) Mass of interacting particle
(b) Charge
(c) Energy
(d) All of above
38. Artificial radio activity is choose which one is correct:
(a) Unstable to unstable element
(b) Stable to stable element
(c) Unstable to stable element
(d) Stable to unstable element
39. Radioactivity happen due to the disintegration of choose which one is correct:
(a) Nucleus
(b) Mass
(c) Electrons
(d) Protons
40. Which of the following have similar nature as that of electrons choose which one is correct:
(a) ß-rays
(b) rays
(c) -rays
(d) X-rays
41. Artificial radioactivity was discovered by choose which one is correct:
(a) Rutherford
(b) Roentgen
(c) Marie curie and Pierre Currie
(d) Henry Bacquerel
42. Marie curie and Pierre curie discovered two new radioactive elements which are choose which one is correct:
(a) Polonium and radium
(b) Radium and crypton
(c) Platinum and radium
(d) Uranium and radium
43. When a-particle is emitted out of the nucleus then the mass number of the nucleus decreases by choose which one is correct:
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
44. The mass and charge of an a-particle is choose which one is correct:
(a) 2u and + 4e
(b) 4u and + 2e
(c) 2u and + 2e
(d) 4u and + 4e
45. The wavelength of -rays is choose which one is correct:
(a) Greater than that of x-rays
(b) Equal to that of x-ray
(c) Shorter than that of x-rays
(d) None of these
46. -radiation choose which one is correct:
(a) has no mass
(b) has no energy
(c) is a proton
(d)All the above
47. When -particle emitted out of the nucleus then charge number of the nucleus decreased by choose which one is correct:
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
48. The distance at which the radioactive particle comes to rest after emitting from a source is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Stopping distance
(b) Range
(c) Distance
(d) All of above
49. Geiger Muller counter is widely used choose which one is correct:
(a) Radioactivity experiments
(b) Electrical experiments
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
50. Specially designed solid state detector can be used to detect choose which one is correct:
(a) -rays
(b) x-rays
(c) -particles
(d) -particles
52. The half life of radioactive elements depends upon what among the following choose which one is correct:
(a) Nature of element
(b) Amount of radioactive substance
(c) Magnetic field
(d) None of these
53. During fusion of hydrogen into helium choose which one is correct:
(a) Energy is released
(b) Energy is absorbed
(c) Mass is increased due to energy absorption
(d) Mass is reduced due to energy released
54. The rate of decay of radioactive substance choose which one is correct:
(a) Varies inversely with time
(b) Decreases with time
(c) Constant
(d) Decreases exponentially with time
55. The time taken for a radioactive element to decay to half of its original number of atoms is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Half life of the material
(b) Decay life of the material
(c) Average life of material
(d) None of these
56. A pair of quark and anti quark makes a choose which one is correct:
(a) Meson
(b) Bargon
(c) Photon
(d) Proton
57. The reciprocal of decay constant (X) of a radioactive element is choose which one is correct:
(a) Average life
(b) Halflife
(c) Mean life
(d) None
58. The SI unit of decay constant is choose which one is correct:
(a) m
(b) m-1
(c) S-1
(d) Nm-l
59. The SI unit of radiation dose is choose which one is correct:
(a) Roentgen
(b) Curie
(c) Grey
(d) Rem
60 The half life of uranium 238 is choose which one is correct:
(a) 4.5 x 109 years
(b) 3.8 days
(c) 1620 years
(d) 23.5 minutes
61. The half life of radium-225 is choose which one is correct:
(a) 4.5 x 109 years
(b) 3.8 days
(c) 1620 years
(d) 23.5 minutes
62. Rate of decay is actually described by choose which one is correct:
(a) Halflife
(b) Decay constant
(c) Mean life
(d) None of these
63. When a certain radiation passes through matters it lose energy due to choose which one is correct:
(a) Ionization of material atoms sue to direct collision
(b) Ionization of material atoms due to electrostatic attraction
(c) Excitation of material atoms
(d) Any of these
64. The magnitude of range of radiation particle through matter depends upon choose which one is correct:
(a) Its mass and charge
(b) Its charge
(c) Its mass and charge
(d) all of the above
65. One joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of a body is choose which one is correct:
(a) Roentgen
(b) Grey
(c) Rem
(d) Curie
66. In equation I = Io eux , the symbol represents choose which one is correct:
(a) Radiation coefficient
(b) Absorption coefficient
(c) Emission coefficient
(d) Material coefficient
67. The process in which a heavy nucleus is broken into two lighter nuclei with the release of energy in called choose which one is correct:
(a) Nuclear fusion
(b) Nuclear fission
(c) Chain reaction
(d) None
68. Nuclear fission reaction can be produced in 92U238 by choose which one is correct:
(a) Slow neutrons
(b) Fast neutrons
(c) Thermal neutrons
(d) None of these
69. The product of the fission reaction of uranium named barium and krypton have a total mass equal to choose which one is correct:
(a) I .96 Mev
(b) 0.67 Mev
(c) 0.9 Mev
(d) 0.97 Mev
70. The chain reaction is controlled by a series of rods usually made of choose which one is correct:
(a) Cadmium
(b) Uranium
(c) Iron
(d) Boron
71. Low level radiations effects choose which one is correct:
(a) Less of hair
(b) Ulceration
(c) Drop of white blood cells
(d) All
72. Energy emitted when one atom of 92U235 undergoes fission reaction is choose which one is correct:
(a) 150 Mev
(b) 70 Mev
(c) 200 Mev
(d) 300 Mev
73. The process of nuclear fission was explained by choose which one is correct:
(a) Lies meitner
(b) Stressma and hann
(c) Bohar hahn
(d) None
74. During fission process, a large amount of choose which one is correct:
(a) Light energy is produced
(b) Heat energy is released
(c) Nuclear energy is released
(d) None of these
75. The energy released during fission process is controlled in choose which one is correct:
(a) Nuclear reactor
(b) Cyclotron
(c) Van de Graff generator
(d) None of these
76. The moderator used in a nuclear reactor will be choose which one is correct:
(a) Uranium
(b) Sodium
(c) Aluminum
(d) Graphite
77. The first atomic reactor was introduced by choose which one is correct:
(a) Currie
(b) Enrico Fermi
(c) Newton
(d) Bohr
78. The total energy transferred to a body by means of radiation is measured is units of choose which one is correct:
(a) Rontgens
(b) Rutherford’s
(c) Curies
(d) None of these
79. The mass of fissionable material needed for self sustaining chain reaction is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Atomic mass
(b) Critical mass
(c) Sub critical mass
(d) None
80. Uranium bomb depends on the process of choose which one is correct:
(a) Nuclear Fission
(b) Nuclear Fusion
(c) Pair production
(d) All of above
81. The first artificially produced nuclear transmutation was studied by choose which one is correct:
(a) Chadwick
(b) Rutherford
(c) Faraday
(d) None of these
82. The process in which two or more lighter nuclei combine together to form heavier nuclei with release of energy is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Nuclear fission
(b) Nuclear fusion
(c) Chain reaction
(d) None of these
83. The main source of energy in the stars and the sun is due to choose which one is correct:
(a) Fission reaction
(b) Fusion reaction
(c) Chemical reaction
(d) None of above
84. The substances which slow down the speed of neutron produced during a fission reaction are called choose which one is correct:
(a) Moderators
(b) Retardants
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
85. Examples of radiation detector case choose which one is correct:
(a) Gorger counter
(b) Wilson cloud chamber
(c) Solid state detector
(d) All of the above
86. Certain radiation detector makes use of the fact that super saturated vapors condense preferentially on ions this type of detector is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Gorger counter
(b) Wilson cloud chamber
(c) Solid state detector
(d) None of these
87. In Wilson cloud chamber x-particle leave choose which one is correct:
(a) Thick and continuous
(b) Thin and discontinuous
(c) Thick and discontinuous
(d) Thin and continuous
88. In Wilson cloud chamber, VB-particles leave choose which one is correct:
(a) Thin and continuous tracks
(b) Thick and continuous tracks
(c) No tracks
(d) Thin and discontinuous tracks
89. In G.M, counter, the cylinder is dilled with mixture of gases choose which one is correct:
(a) Containing Ne and Br
(b) Containing organ and alcohol
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
90. To allow the entry of a or Il-particles, one end of the Geiger counter tube vas a choose which one is correct:
(a) Thin glass window
(b) Thin mica window
(c) Wooden window
(d) None
91. The counter which also provide the power to the G.M tube is called choose which one is correct:
(a) Chamber
(b) Amplifier
(c) Scalar
(d) Vector
92. The term “dead time” in G.M counter means the time or the order of choose which one is correct:
(a) More than 1 millisec
(b) Less than 1 millisec
(c) More than 1 millisec
(d) None of these
93. In solid-state detector, the reverse bias is applied through the two choose which one is correct:
(a) Conducting layers of silver
(b) Conducting layers of gold
(c) Conducting layers of aluminum
(d) Conducting layers of plastic
94. In sold state detector, the energy needed to produce an electron hole pair is about choose which one is correct:
(a) 3Mev to 4Mev
(b) 3ev to 4Mev
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
95. The phenomenon of nuclear fission is used in the construction of choose which one is correct:
(a) Atomic bombs
(b) Hydrogen bomb
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
96. In fission reaction, heavy water is used as choose which one is correct:
(a) Heat exchanger
(b) Coolant
(c) Moderator
(d) None of above
97. A solid state detector is basically choose which one is correct:
(a) A p-n-p transistor
(b) A n-p-n transistor
(c) A reverse p-n junction
(d) A forward p-n-junction
98. Wilson cloud chamber is a device used as choose which one is correct:
(a) Path of ionizing particle
(b) Accelerating +vely charged particle
(c) Accelerating —vely charged particle
(d) none
99. In Wilson Cloud chamber, the ß-particle leave choose which one is correct:
(a) Thin and discontinuous tracks
(b) No tracks
(c) Thick and continuous tracks
(d) None
100. In Wilson Cloud chamber, the a-particle leave choose which one is correct:
(a) Thin and discontinuous tracks
(b) No track
(c) Thick, straight and continuous tracks
(d) None