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1. Nineteenth-century theories of social change reflect the pioneering work in biological evolution done by?
- Albert Einstein
- Harriet Martineau
- James Audubon
- Charles Darwin‘
2. The doctrine of social Darwinism calls on the government to intervene actively to help the less fortunate in society?
- True
- False
3. The “Interpretation of Dreams” was written by?
- Carl Jung
- Sigmund Freud
- Ernest Jones
- Alfred Adler
4. Comte thought sociology would move society toward perfection.
- True
- False
5. Most basic among Freudian defense mechanisms is?
- rationalization
- reaction formation
- identification
- repression
6. A major problem with theories of social change is that they cannot:
- be tested using data from actual experience
- be used for making policy decisions
- explain change that occurred in the past
- explain the role of technological innovation in social change
7. Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history?
- Women have different leadership styles than men.
- Women are not interested in leading at all.
- Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.
- Male historians have refused
- to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in theirrecords.
8. Rule by a single individual is a ________.
- Patriarchy
- Monarchy
- Hierarchy
- Oligarchy
9. Laws and administrative regulations that are formulated by government to control, regulate or guide behavior are called:
- civic culture
- judicial verdicts
- public policy
- totalitarianism
10. Which of the following would Lenski highlight as a cause of change in society?
- new religious movements
- conflict between workers and factory owners
- the steam engine
- the extent to which people share moral values
11. Since the end of the nineteenth century, the number of married women in the labor force has:
- decreased dramatically
- increased dramatically
- increased slightly
- remained the same
12. All of the following are characteristics of global cities, except:
- headquarter multinational corporations
- exercise significant international political influence
- host headquarters of international NGOs
- host influential philosophers
13. Interest in the genital, coming to terms with Oedipal/Electra conflict, leading to identification with same-sex parent, occurs during:
- anal stage
- latency period
- phallic stage
- genital stage
14. A unique combination of traits is called:
- motivation
- personality
- lifecycle
- attitude
15. Which theoretical approach focuses on the link between culture and social inequality?
- the structural-functional approach
- the social-conflict approach
- the symbolic-interaction approach
- the sociobiology approach
16. Which of the following terms did William F. Ogburn use to refer to the period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions?
- economic shift
- political turmoil
- social change
- culture lag
17.One suggested consequence of modernization is movement toward a “symmetrical society.” This means:
- a higher average level of education
- greater economic equality among all groups in society
- greater equality between men and women
- greater political equality
18. In an ________ political system power is vested in a single person or small group.
- Authoritarian
- Democracy
- Socialist
- Republic
19. Auguste Comte invented the term sociology.
- True
- False
20. Sociology emerged as a separate field of study during the Renaissance.
- True
- False
21. Which of the following statements regarding Karl Marx is not true?
- Marx accepted the evolutionary argument that societies develop along a particular path.
- Marx believed that history proceeds through a series of stages, each of which exploits a class of people.
- Marx accepted Parsons’s equilibrium model, which states that as changes occur in one part of society, there must be adjustments in other parts if stability is to be maintained.
- Marx argued that conflict is a normal and desirable aspect of social change.
22. Which of the following is a description of ethnocentrism?
- taking pride in your ethnicity
- judging another culture using the standards of your own culture
- seeing another culture as better than your own
- judging another culture by its own standards
23. The physical sciences (physics, chemistry, and so on) use the scientific method. Social sciences use unscientific, social methods.
- True
- False
24. All of the following areas of social change have a measurable effect on the everyday life of individuals EXCEPT:
- changing gender roles
- public policy
- race relations
- space exploration
25. One of the principle concepts of a ______ psychologist is that of “unconscious processes“:
- humanistic
- psychoanalytic
- cognitive
- behavioral
26. Freud believed that the primary force in an individual’s life was:
- the superego
- psychosexual development
- sexual urge
- bodily function
27. What is the primary driver of modernization theory?
- Industrialization
- Aging
- Conflict
- Interactions
28. In ________ authority, leaders are to be obeyed, not primarily as representatives of tradition or because of their personal qualities.
- Traditional
- Charismatic
- Legal-rational
- Divine
29. An example of interpretive social science research would be a study aimed at understanding and ending child abuse.
- True
- False
30. According to Ralf Dahrendorf, a frequent effect of modernization on the lives of individuals is:
- a feeling of anomie
- a higher level of living
- an unwillingness to face new experiences
- d. decreased political participation
The old name of Mecca was
both a & b
- None of these
- Bakkah
- Yasrub
32.When Ralf Dahrendorf argues that we need “flexible institutions,” he means that we should:
- adjust to modernization with minimal disruption of existing institutions
- engage in more centralized planning
- make every effort to reverse the modernization process
- rely on the government to solve the problems that arise as a result of modernization
33. Critical social science believes that research must be value-free.
- True
- false
34. To say that an argument is not empirical is to say that it is not based on evidence.
- True
- False
35.________ authority is a type of power in which people obey because of the personal characteristics of the leader.
- Traditional
- Charismatic
- Divine
- Rational
36. sociologists use the term “cultural lag” to refer to:
- the slowing of cultural change in Asia
- the fact that some societies change faster than others do
- that fact that some elements of culture change faster than others
- people who are less cultured than others
37. What do Christianity and Islam have in common?
- Both believe in a single supreme God.
- Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts.
- Both believe in an afterlife.
- All of the above
38. The central difference between Freud’s pleasure principle and his reality principle is that:
- the reality principle is more salient early in life
- the pleasure principle can only be understood through hypnosis
- the reality principle responds to demands from the environment by delaying gratification
- the reality principle only emerges in individuals who are self-actualized
39. A major drawback of Immanuel Wallerstein’s world system theory is that it:
- focuses too much on capitalist domination of the world economy
- ignores the extent of economic specialization in the international economy
- ignores the fact that core nations have areas of production that resemble semi peripheral and peripheral areas
- relies too heavily on political repression to explain relationships between core and peripheral areas
40.______ is power that is perceived as legitimate, by both the holder of the power and those subject to it.
- Force
- Coercion
- Domination
- Authority
41.”The aim of all life is death”. This quote from Sigmund Freud’s work refers to:
- Tanat’s
- Eros
- the death instinct
- the struggle between Eros and Thanatos
42. Subculture refers to:
- part of the population lacking culture.
- elements of popular culture.
- people who embrace high culture.
- cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society’s population.
43. Informed consent allows participants to end their participation in a study at any time, even if they have not finished answering all the questions.
- True
- False
44. Maya is a 12-year-old girl living in Pakistan. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.
- subjective
- absolute
- relative
- global
45. The term life expectancy refers to:
- how long any person will live
- an individual’s total life span
- the number of years a newborn can expect to live
- none of these
46. Writing in the early twentieth century, Weber thought the dominant force in society would be:
- capitalism
- socialism
- bureaucracy
- dictatorship
47. Karl Marx held that leaders of social movements must help workers overcome feelings of:
- class consciousness
- false consciousness
- socialist consciousness
- surplus value
48. An important measure of a nation’s health is the:
- adult mortality rate
- overall mortality rate
- life span
- infant mortality rate
49.A child who associates his line of descent with his father’s side only is part of a _____ society.
- patrailic
- bilateral
- matrilineal
- matrilineal
50.________ is the ability to make people do what you want them to do.
- Force
- Coercion
- Power
- Deception